Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2023 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Background The incidence and mortality rate of gastrointestinal cancers are high worldwide. Increasing studies have illustrated that the occurrence, progression, metastasis and prognosis of cancers are intimately linked to the immune system. Mitochondria, as the main source of cellular energy, play an important role in maintaining the physiological function of immune cells. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function of immune cells and tumorigenesis has not yet been systematically investigated. Methods A total of 150 cases, including 60 healthy donors and 90 primary gastrointestinal cancer patients without anti-tumor treatments (30 with gastric cancer, 30 with liver cancer and 30 with colorectal cancer) were involved in our study. The oxidant/antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma, the ROS level, mitochondrial function and apoptosis ratio of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated. Results The imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant in plasma was discovered in the primary gastrointestinal cancer patients. The levels of cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS in PBMCs of primary gastrointestinal cancers were significantly increased compared with that in healthy donors. Meanwhile, the ATP content, the mtDNA copy number and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PBMCs of patients with primary gastrointestinal cancers were lower than those in control group. The decreased MMP also occurred in immune cells of gastrointestinal cancers, including T cell, B cell, NK cell and monocyte. Furthermore, the PBMCs apoptosis ratio of primary gastrointestinal cancer patients was significantly higher than that of control group. Importantly, an increase of IL-2 and IL-6 and a decrease of IgG in plasma were found in the patients with primary gastrointestinal cancers. These changes of mitochondrial function in immune cells were consistent among primary gastrointestinal cancers without anti-tumor treatments, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the imbalance of oxidation/antioxidation in primary gastrointestinal cancer patients without anti-tumor treatments results in excessive ROS. The oxidative stress was associated to the mitochondrial dysfunction, the apoptosis of immune cells and eventually the abnormal immune function in primary gastrointestinal cancers. The application of immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction into clinical evaluation is anticipated....
Collagenous gastritis has been reported as a rare cause of nausea, diarrhea, weight changes, and early satiety in female patients. Here, we describe two women aged 43 and 71 years who presented with similar symptoms. Gastric biopsies from both individuals showed thickened, irregular subepithelial collagen bands (>10 μm).Thepathogenesis of collagenous gastritis is poorly understood, but it may be the presenting symptom for many underlying autoimmune conditions. In particular, there is a well-established connection between collagenous disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and celiac sprue, Sj¨ogren syndrome, and lymphocytic colitis; however, none of these conditions had been diagnosed in our patients. The older woman had incidentally discovered hypogammaglobinemia and IgA deficiency, whereas the younger woman suffered from fibromyalgia. Although a gluten-free diet and budesonide have been effective in some cases, there is no standardized therapy for collagenous gastritis. Our patients trialed diet modification and have required no additional medical interventions....
Anisakiasis of the gastrointestinal tract is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood infected with Anisakis larvae. Penetration of Anisakis larvae into the gastrointestinal mucosa leads to severe epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting, usually within hours of ingestion of the parasite. Suspicion for gastrointestinal Anisakiasis should be raised in patients with a compatible dietary history. Definitive diagnosis can be made by direct visualization of larvae via endoscopic examination. Although symptoms are self-limiting, the removal of larvae by gastroscopy can hasten relief of symptoms. There are a large number of cases of gastric anisakiasis reported from Japan, Korea, and Western Europe, where it is customary to consume raw fish. Cases reported from the United States are less common, and given the nonspecific symptoms of anisakiasis, the diagnosis can be missed. We report a patient who presented with gastroesophageal reflux disease like symptoms that started after ingesting raw fish. He was found by esophagogastroduodenoscopy to have white, filiform worms penetrating into the wall of his stomach, consistent with a diagnosis of gastric anisakiasis....
Aims: To assess N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate injection’s effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric varix hemorrhage. Methods: Endoscopic treatment with N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection was performed on 32 patients (21 males and 11 females) with gastric variceal bleeding. The socioeconomic status of the patients, initial hemostasis, rebleeding rate, complications, and mortality rate were all reviewed retrospectively. Patients with liver cirrhosis who presented with hematemesis or melena or whose endoscopy revealed gastric variceal bleeding were included. Therefore, patients with hemodynamic instability were excluded. Results: A total of 32 patients underwent Histoacryl ® glue injection to treat bleeding gastric varices. The mean age was 56.09 ± 9.29 (mean ± SD) years old. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, both hepatitis B and C accounted for 11 cases (34.4%). IGV1 was the most commonly seen, according to the Sarin classification, with 15 cases (46.8%), followed by GOV1 with 10 cases (31.3%) and GOV2 with 7 cases (21.9%). With 15 cases (46.9%), the majority of patients had a Child-Pugh (CTP) B score. 12 cases (37.5%) and 11 (34.4%), respectively, of hematemesis and melena, were reported. In all patients, initial hemostasis was achieved, and there was no documented complication rate. Conclusion: Given the higher rate of hemostasis and great results, our study’s findings indicate that the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under endoscopic guidance is safe and effective in the management of GV hemorrhage. After the initial injection, hemostasis was achieved in all of our patients....
Background: Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, small bowel, colorectal, and anal cancers, are often diagnosed at late stages. These tumors can cause gradual GI bleeding, which may be unrecognized but detectable by subtle laboratory changes. Our aim was to develop models to predict luminal GI tract cancers using laboratory studies and patient characteristics using logistic regression and random forest machine learning methods. Methods: The study was a single-center, retrospective cohort at an academic medical center, with enrollment between 2004–2013 and with follow-up until 2018, who had at least two complete blood counts (CBCs). The primary outcome was the diagnosis of GI tract cancer. Prediction models were developed using multivariable single timepoint logistic regression, longitudinal logistic regression, and random forest machine learning. Results: The cohort included 148,158 individuals, with 1025 GI tract cancers. For 3-year prediction of GI tract cancers, the longitudinal random forest model performed the best, with an area under the receiver operator curve (AuROC) of 0.750 (95% CI 0.729–0.771) and Brier score of 0.116, compared to the longitudinal logistic regression model, with an AuROC of 0.735 (95% CI 0.713–0.757) and Brier score of 0.205. Conclusions: Prediction models incorporating longitudinal features of the CBC outperformed the single timepoint logistic regression models at 3- years, with a trend toward improved accuracy of prediction using a random forest machine learning model compared to a longitudinal logistic regression model....
Loading....